Grinding involves the use of milling media. Ball mills such as planetary ball mill, attritors, and cryogenic milling are a few examples of the different types of milling media. Each of these media has advantages and disadvantages of its own. We will go over a few of the elements that influence the selection of milling media in this article. We'll also take a look at studies that have been done on how milling affects pharmaceutical materials that are soft and highly plastic.
The grinding media used in ball mills creates a fine powder from the material. They operate under the attrition and impact theory. Ball mills use a range of ball sizes. Hard materials will be crushed more quickly by small balls than by large ones.
Using a ball mill has a number of benefits. One of these is the grinding process's cyclical nature, which makes it appropriate for continuous operation. It can operate in both dry and wet environments, which is an additional benefit. Additionally, they are inexpensive to install from planetary ball mill suppliers.
Ball mills come in a variety of designs, from basic to sophisticated. But the machine itself is the same in essence. The volume of the mill may be decreased or increased depending on the type.
The material to be ground is fed into the ball mill through a chute or screw. After entering the mill, the material is ground by rolling balls over a cylinder. The balls can be made to resemble steel, rubber, ceramic, or other materials depending on the type.
The effectiveness of the machinery in converting energy into mechanical energy that reduces particle size should be taken into consideration when choosing a mill for your application. The type of construction material is another important factor. You may need to use steel, ceramics, rubber, or stainless steel, depending on your application.
The effectiveness of the milling process is significantly influenced by the size of the grinding media. Large particles can be broken up more effectively using smaller media. Similar to this, more precise grinding improves product quality like vertical planetary ball mill.
It has been demonstrated in several studies that an experiment can be used to determine the particle size distribution of a sample. These experiments involve the measurement of the smallest particle size and the construction of a mathematical model. For instance, it was demonstrated that after milling aluminum for about 100 minutes, the smallest diameter crystallite was obtained.
Cryogenic milling is a method of grinding a material with a very low temperature. During this process, metallic powders are crushed by balls that move inside a closed system.
The particles produced by cryomilling have virgin surfaces and are well-dispersed. They are stable in methanol after 10 days. Using this technique, nano-sized particles can be formed to be suitable for high-temperature applications. In addition, cryo-milled particles are not susceptible to eroding. It is also beneficial in pharmaceutical applications.
Various studies have been done to examine the effect of cryo-milling on the micro-strain, thermal stability and purity of the powder. An electron probe micro analyzer was used to investigate the morphology, oxidation, foreign contamination and grain refinement of the cryomilled powder.
The crystallite size of the cryomilled Al powder varied from 10 to 15 nm after 390 min of ball milling. The average grain size was 40 nm.
In the milling process, impact and shear forces are applied on the product. These forces are used to break down large particles into smaller ones. Various milling techniques are available. Some of the most common methods include hammer and jet mills, pin mills, and air classifying like lab planetary ball mill.
Hammer and jet mills are commonly used for the pulverization of metals. They are typically equipped with a high pressure system. This can range from 10 to 50 bars. Using a high pressure system can prevent mechanical damage.
Pin mills, on the other hand, are used to produce powder materials. These mills are equipped with a conical rotor. When the pot rotates, the product is impacted between the beads. There are two types of pin mills: forged steel and cast steel.
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Milling is an important process in the manufacture of fine drug particles. The process alters the particle size distribution and surface roughness. It is especially important for fine drug particles that are required in parenteral preparations. There are various milling techniques used for this purpose. This article provides an overview of the common milling techniques and the effects they have on the particle morphology, surface characteristics and performance.
Several studies have shown that milling-induced amorphization can enhance the solubility of several drugs. For example, piroxicam and naproxen have been found to exhibit improved solubility after milling. Besides increasing solubility, amorphization also improves compressibility.
In addition, milling may lead to structural disordering of the crystals. Such disordered crystals have a lowered thermodynamic stability and can amorphize during storage. Some of these amorphous regions can be thermodynamically unstable and may cause amorphous-crystalline interconversions.